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historianatlarge · 8 years ago

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Today in History: January 21st

On this day in history, January 21st, in 1954, the first nuclear powered submarine was launched – opening a new era both in military history and also fulfilling (and exceeding) the dream of a French visionary.

The launching of the USS Nautilus did create the era of the nuclear submarine – easily the most potentially devastating naval weapon ever since – but it also should be remembered for just how quickly it had come about. While the history of trying to build practicable submarines goes back for centuries, development in ways we understand it today was relatively recent.

To understand just how quickly development occurred, it is best to start with a singular vision – that of French authour Jules Verne. Verne was one of those remarkable writers of science fiction in history who was not only popular in his own time, but correctly anticipated the future course of numerous events in science and technology. In 1870, Verne published Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, one of the most famed novels of early science fiction.

In it, Verne created a marvelous craft dubbed Nautilus – a vessel unlike any that existed or had even been dreamed of up to that time. The ship was described as being double-hulled, with water-tight compartments, with a fantastical speed of 50 knots. Everything about the ship was designed for long voyages at sea, to stay independent of any base – and staying submerged for up to five days before having to surface for air.

This vision of such a capable submarine is all the more remarkable since at the time it was written, what submersibles had been designed and built lacked certain necessary concepts: adequate power, reliable undersea navigation, endurance, or practicable weapons.

Yet within a century, a real-life Nautilus – the naming was no coincidence – would meet or exceed all of Verne’s ideas. (Except for speed – the nuclear Nautilus only reached 23 knots at maximum speed, a sluggardly pace by Verne’s standards!) The pace of change is astonishing, and bears looking at. It must be remembered that the last use of a submersible as a weapon before Verne had been the Confederate Hunley, used in the American Civil War. In 1864, this hand-propelled craft rammed its spar torpedo (imagine a lance tipped with an explosive, strapped to a small, vulnerable metal box – and it was every bit as dangerous and impractical as that sounds) into the side of the USS Housatonic, achieving the first sinking by an undersea vessel. The Hunley, however, sank all hands as well – and had proven repeatedly lethal to her own crews even before this. This was only six years before Verne’s writing, hardly an auspicious place for submarines to be.

To put it another way, imagine you were looking at one of the early room-sized computers of the late 1940s. Huge, producing an astonishing amount of heat for its calculations – it would take an incredible amount of vision to look at that and predict where computers would be a mere seventy years later. Verne did much the same with the submarine.

After the Hunley, the pace of development was increasingly rapid. Each of the submarine’s problems were patiently solved by dedicated engineers who – in some way – may have been at least in part inspired by Verne’s vision. Science fiction writing has, after all, always proven to inspire minds in different ways. By 1914, the submarine was a potent weapon in situ – and four years of war would prove that it could shake the foundations of empires.

By 1945, submarines were integral parts of every power’s navy – and the advent of the atomic age would give them greater power still. In the incredibly short span of eighty-four years, the submarine went from an impractical, often hand-powered death trap to a vessel capable of steaming 1,200 nautical miles in less than 90 hours – all of it underwater.

Change is, ironically, the only constant in history – but the pace of technological change has theorized to be on an upward curve. The submarine took eighty years to go from curiosity to nuclear-powered master of the deep. Aircraft went from the Wright Flyer to the first jet fighters in less than fifty – and this trend is continuing. Think of the development of digital technology and its rapidly growing effect, for instance.

What comes next will be anybody’s guess – but it may happen ever quicker. What we must hope for are visionaries like Verne, the people who look forward and dream – and for the people who are inspired by that vision to make new reality.

(All photographs from Wikimedia Commons)

#USS Nautilus #nuclear submarine #submarine #history #Jules Verne #science fiction #Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea #1954 #history writing

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brookstonalmanac · 3 years ago

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Events 9.8

617 – Battle of Huoyi: Li Yuan defeats a Sui dynasty army, opening the path to his capture of the imperial capital Chang'an and the eventual establishment of the Tang dynasty. 1100 – Election of Antipope Theodoric. 1198 – Philip of Swabia, Prince of Hohenstaufen, is crowned King of Germany (King of the Romans) 1253 – Pope Innocent IV canonises Stanislaus of Szczepanów, killed by king Bolesław II. 1264 – The Statute of Kalisz, guaranteeing Jews safety and personal liberties and giving battei din jurisdiction over Jewish matters, is promulgated by Bolesław the Pious, Duke of Greater Poland. 1276 – Pope John XXI is chosen. 1331 – Stefan Dušan declares himself king of Serbia. 1380 – Battle of Kulikovo: Russian forces defeat a mixed army of Tatars and Mongols, stopping their advance. 1504 – Michelangelo's David is unveiled in Piazza della Signoria in Florence. 1514 – Battle of Orsha: In one of the biggest battles of the century, Lithuanians and Poles defeat the Russian army. 1522 – Magellan–Elcano circumnavigation: Victoria arrives at Seville, technically completing the first circumnavigation. 1565 – St. Augustine, Florida is founded by Spanish admiral and Florida's first governor, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés. 1565 – The Knights of Malta lift the Ottoman siege of Malta that began on May 18. 1655 – Warsaw falls without resistance to a small force under the command of Charles X Gustav of Sweden during The Deluge, making it the first time the city is captured by a foreign army. 1727 – A barn fire during a puppet show in the village of Burwell in Cambridgeshire, England kills 78 people, many of whom are children. 1755 – French and Indian War: Battle of Lake George. 1756 – French and Indian War: Kittanning Expedition. 1761 – Marriage of King George III of the United Kingdom to Duchess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. 1775 – The unsuccessful Rising of the Priests in Malta. 1781 – American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Eutaw Springs in South Carolina, the war's last significant battle in the Southern theater, ends in a narrow British tactical victory. 1793 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Hondschoote. 1796 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Bassano: French forces defeat Austrian troops at Bassano del Grappa. 1810 – The Tonquin sets sail from New York Harbor with 33 employees of John Jacob Astor's newly created Pacific Fur Company on board. After a six-month journey around the tip of South America, the ship arrives at the mouth of the Columbia River and Astor's men establish the fur-trading town of Astoria, Oregon. 1813 – At the final stage of the Peninsular War, British-Portuguese troops capture the town of Donostia (now San Sebastián), resulting in a rampage and eventual destruction of the town. 1831 – William IV and Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen are crowned King and Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 1831 – November uprising: The Battle of Warsaw effectively ends the Polish insurrection. 1860 – The steamship PS Lady Elgin sinks on Lake Michigan, with the loss of around 300 lives. 1862 – Millennium of Russia monument is unveiled in Novgorod. 1863 – American Civil War: In the Second Battle of Sabine Pass, a small Confederate force thwarts a Union invasion of Texas. 1883 – The Northern Pacific Railway (reporting mark NP) was completed in a ceremony at Gold Creek, Montana. Former president Ulysses S. Grant drove in the final "golden spike" in an event attended by rail and political luminaries. 1888 – Isaac Peral's submarine is first tested. 1888 – The Great Herding (Spanish: El Gran Arreo) begins with thousands of sheep being herded from the Argentine outpost of Fortín Conesa to Santa Cruz near the Strait of Magellan. 1888 – In London, the body of Jack the Ripper's second murder victim, Annie Chapman, is found. 1888 – In England, the first six Football League matches are played. 1892 – The Pledge of Allegiance is first recited. 1900 – Galveston hurricane: A powerful hurricane hits Galveston, Texas killing about 8,000 people. 1905 – The 7.2 Mw  Calabria earthquake shakes southern Italy with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), killing between 557 and 2,500 people. 1914 – World War I: Private Thomas Highgate becomes the first British soldier to be executed for desertion during the war. 1916 – In a bid to prove that women were capable of serving as military dispatch riders, Augusta and Adeline Van Buren arrive in Los Angeles, completing a 60-day, 5,500 mile cross-country trip on motorcycles. 1921 – Margaret Gorman, a 16-year-old, wins the Atlantic City Pageant's Golden Mermaid trophy; pageant officials later dubbed her the first Miss America. 1923 – Honda Point disaster: Nine US Navy destroyers run aground off the California coast. Seven are lost, and twenty-three sailors killed. 1925 – Rif War: Spanish forces including troops from the Foreign Legion under Colonel Francisco Franco landing at Al Hoceima, Morocco. 1926 – Germany is admitted to the League of Nations. 1930 – 3M begins marketing Scotch transparent tape. 1933 – Ghazi bin Faisal became King of Iraq. 1934 – Off the New Jersey coast, a fire aboard the passenger liner SS Morro Castle kills 137 people. 1935 – US Senator from Louisiana Huey Long is fatally shot in the Louisiana State Capitol building. 1941 – World War II: German forces begin the Siege of Leningrad. 1943 – World War II: The Armistice of Cassibile is proclaimed by radio. OB Süd immediately implements plans to disarm the Italian forces. 1944 – World War II: London is hit by a V-2 rocket for the first time. 1945 – The division of Korea begins when United States troops arrive to partition the southern part of Korea in response to Soviet troops occupying the northern part of the peninsula a month earlier. 1946 – The referendum abolishes the monarchy in Bulgaria. 1952 – The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation makes its first televised broadcast on the second escape of the Boyd Gang. 1954 – The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) is established. 1960 – In Huntsville, Alabama, US President Dwight D. Eisenhower formally dedicates the Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA had already activated the facility on July 1). 1962 – Last run of the famous Pines Express over the Somerset and Dorset Railway line (UK) fittingly using the last steam locomotive built by British Railways, BR Standard Class 9F 92220 Evening Star. 1966 – The landmark American science fiction television series Star Trek premieres with its first-aired episode, "The Man Trap". 1970 – Trans International Airlines Flight 863 crashes during takeoff from John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City, killing all 11 aboard. 1971 – In Washington, D.C., the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts is inaugurated, with the opening feature being the premiere of Leonard Bernstein's Mass. 1974 – Watergate scandal: US President Gerald Ford signs the pardon of Richard Nixon for any crimes Nixon may have committed while in office. 1975 – Gays in the military: US Air Force Tech Sergeant Leonard Matlovich, a decorated veteran of the Vietnam War, appears in his Air Force uniform on the cover of Time magazine with the headline "I Am A Homosexual". He is given a general discharge, later upgraded to honorable. 1978 – Black Friday, a massacre by soldiers against protesters in Tehran, results in 88 deaths, it marks the beginning of the end of the monarchy in Iran. 1986 – Nicholas Daniloff, a correspondent for the U.S. News & World Report, is indicted on charges of espionage by the Soviet Union. 1988 – Yellowstone National Park is closed for the first time in U.S. history due to ongoing fires. 1989 – Partnair Flight 394 dives into the North Sea, killing 55 people. The investigation showed that the tail of the plane vibrated loose in flight due to sub-standard connecting bolts that had been fraudulently sold as aircraft-grade. 1994 – USAir Flight 427, on approach to Pittsburgh International Airport, suddenly crashes in clear weather killing all 132 aboard, resulting in the most extensive aviation investigation in world history and altering manufacturing practices in the industry. 2004 – NASA's unmanned spacecraft Genesis crash-lands when its parachute fails to open. 2005 – Two Ilyushin Il-76 aircraft from EMERCOM land at a disaster aid staging area at Little Rock Air Force Base; the first time Russia has flown such a mission to North America. 2016 – NASA launches OSIRIS-REx, its first asteroid sample return mission. The probe will visit 101955 Bennu and is expected to return with samples in 2023. 2017 – Syrian civil war: The Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) announce the beginning of the Deir ez-Zor campaign, with the stated aim of eliminating the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) from all areas north and east of the Euphrates.

#Events

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trekfm · 3 years ago

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107: Under the Sea

Twenty Thousand Leagues across the Delta Quadrant.

Throughout Star Trek: Voyager’s seven seasons, Tom Paris repeatedly proved his credentials as a mid-20th-century history buff, with his replicated TV set, black-and-white B-movie holonovels, and even his own 3D cinema. But in the fifth-season episode “Thirty Days,” he reveals a boyhood fascination with a much earlier period of history and literature: the age of great nautical exploration. In particular, young Tom was obsessed with Jules Verne’s 1870 novel Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, a pioneering work of science fiction that—in its vivid depiction of the wonders of the ocean—anticipated much of Star Trek’s fascination with another vast unknown: space.

In this episode of Primitive Culture, host Duncan Barrett is joined by Lee Hutchison to discuss Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (and the popular 1954 Disney adaptation) in relation to “Thirty Days” and the fourth-season Voyager episode “Year of Hell,” which borrows much of its plot from Verne’s novel, transposing the action from Captain Nemo’s submarine Nautilus to Annorax’s temporal weapon ship. Join us for a deep-dive into the murky depths of this remarkable book, in which madness, monsters, and mutiny are never that far from the surface.

Chapters Intro (00:00:00) Diving the Starry Sea (00:05:00) “Year of Hell” (00:20:55) Temporal Psychosis (00:51:00) Mutiny (01:07:00) Final Thoughts (01:13:45)

Host Duncan Barrett

Guest Lee Hutchison

Production Duncan Barrett (Editor and Producer) C Bryan Jones (Executive Producer) Matthew Rushing (Executive Producer)

New podcast episode!

#Star Trek #Podcast #History #Culture

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ashleymortonfmp2 · 4 years ago

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Jules Verne’s Novels

Mysterious Island

The Mysterious Island is an adventure novel by Jules Verne and included in his popular science-fiction series Voyages extraordinaries. The Mysterious island follows the adventures of a group of castaways who use their survivalist savvy to build a functional community on an uncharted island. Mysterious island was one of several films based on Verne’s novels that followed the great success of the 1954 movie ‘20,000 Leagues Under the Sea.’ The movie features creative action scenes and special effects created with stop-motion animation by Ray Harryhausen. Jules Verne is a 19th century french author. He is also well known for writing novels such as - ‘around the world in eighty days’ and ‘twenty thousand leagues under the sea.’ He started writing books in his early years, as he started just after finishing law school. His work was creative and touched on quite a variety of different topics important in the time period.

Inspiration often came from his own adventures, as he had a passion for travelling himself. Him and his wife spent a large amount of time sailing seas and sailing to various ports. Whilst travelling, he would also write. During late 1870’s, his writing started to become a darker tone due to personal struggles in his life at the time. For example he wrote ‘the purchase of the north pole’ and ‘master of the world’ - this book was a warning to the public about dangers of technology. Overall, all of his novels touch on future issues in some way and make the public aware and open to things that could happen. From watching mysterious island, there are some themes which are brought up. For example; prevention of war/disagreements which would be a major topic at the time. Solving of world hunger is also brought up, demonstrated by the animals which would appear at the island.

From looking at Jules Verne and his work, I can see that he has a very creative style and focuses on a range of public issues and discusses them through novel writing. As he touched on a lot of relevant topics, he became well known even after his death. This links back to the idea of the importance of messages included in film. The audience can develop more of an understanding and connection.

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neverwasmag · 7 years ago

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Cities lost to time and half-remembered civilizations, discovered deep in the mountains of the Himalayas, the Amazonian rainforest or at the bottom of the sea, are a familiar trope in steam- and dieselpunk fiction.

Drawing on the expeditions of Percy H. Fawcett and Heinrich Schliemann, the writings of James Churchward and Theodore Illion and the esotericism of Helena Blavatsky, W. Scott-Elliot and Rudolph Steiner, both genres exploit the half-real and fully imagined tales of ancient races that supposedly roamed the Earth millennia ago.

James Churchward’s map of the lost continent of Mu

James Churchward, a British-born Sri Lankan tea planter, claimed in his 1926 book The Lost Continent of Mu, Motherland of Man to have learned of an ancient Pacific civilization from an Indian priest, who taught him the language of the Naacal: a people who, according to French explorer Augustus Le Plongeon, lived in the Pacific tens of thousands of years ago.

Translating ancient tablet inscriptions, Churchward uncovered the history of Mu, the homeland of the Naacal people: a vast continent in the Pacific Ocean, stretching from the Marianas in the east to Easter Island in the west and Hawaii in the north to the Cook Islands in the south.

When volcanic eruptions sunk the once-flourishing civilization, the people of Mu spread out across the world. Ancient Egypt, Greece, Central America and India all trace their origins to Mu, according to Churchward.

Like so many lost worlds, Mu was, in Churchward’s telling, a land of plenty. Tropical weather, beautiful plains and valleys, slow-running streams and rivers, “shallow lakes bejewelled with sacred lotus flowers in emerald green settings” and “tiny hummingbirds, glistening like living jewels in the rays of the sun.”

Another trope we’ll find in later ancient-civilization myths: the white man descending from Mu’s priestly, patrician class. According to Churchward, Mu’s darker-skinned inhabitants knew their place in the racial hierarchy. I’m afraid this won’t be the last time white men glean the origins of their “master race” from ancient Asiatic wisdom.

Mu appears in several Japanese cartoons and video games, Marvel Comics and H.P. Lovecraft’s story short, “Out of the Aeons” (1935).

Lemuria

Amazing Stories (June 1945)

Thongor and the Wizard of Lemuria

Another sunken continent, this one in the Indian Ocean. Nineteenth-century zoologists postulated Lemuria’s existence to account for fossils found in India and Madagascar but not in Africa and the Middle East. Their theory has been superseded by plate tectonics. India and Madagascar were once part of the same landmass (Gondwana), but it broke apart; it did not sink into the sea.

Before it was discredited, the Lemuria theory gave credence to the Tamil myth of Kumari Kandam, a continent that allegedly connected India, Sri Lanka, Madagascar and Australia in ancient times. Helena Blavatsky and other theosophists believed it. Charles Webster claimed to have received the ancient wisdom of Lemuria from Theosophical Masters by “astral clairvoyance”. James Bramwell called the Lemurians one of the “root races” of humanity, the other two being the Atlanteans and the Aryans.

Richard Sharpe Shaver popularized the theory of Lemuria in his short stories for Amazing Stories. Lin Carter, another American fantasy author, based several of his stories in Lemuria as well, including The Wizard of Lemuria (1965). The Agent 13 novels of Flint Dille and David Marconi, which were written as a homage to 1930s pulp fiction, feature a mysterious Brotherhood founded by survivors of Lemuria plotting world events from the shadows. Lemuria is mentioned in Mike Mignola’s Hellboy. The 2014 video game Child of Light is set in a mystical land called Lemuria, but it appears to have no relation to the real-world myth.

Hyperborea and Thule

Art by Vsevolod Ivanov

Hyperborea and Thule were both mythical lands in the Far North. The former was known to the Greeks as a land were the sun never set. Thule is commonly associated with Greenland, Iceland and Norway. Occultists in interwar Germany identified it as the homeland of the Aryan master race.

They weren’t the first ones. Jean Sylvain Bailly, a French astronomer and revolutionary, pointed out that, in most ancient mythologies, races originate in the north and then migrate south. William Fairfield Warren argued in Paradise Found (1885) that humanity once inhabited the North Pole and that various mythical lands — Atlantis, Hyperborea, the Garden of Eden — are all folk memories of the same thing. Warren rejected Darwinism and believed the Great Flood had submerged mankind’s Arctic home. Bal Gangadhar Tilak, an Indian nationalist, believed the Vedic people migrated to India from the Arctic region during the last Ice Age.

In the 2009 video game Wolfenstein, the Paranormal Division of the SS (based on the real-life Ahnenerbe) is investigating ruins of the vanished Thule civilization.

Searching for images of “Hyperborea” turns up the artwork of Vsevolod Ivanov, who believed the “Vedic Rus” descended from an alien race. Weird Russia has more.

Atlantis

The ultimate lost civilization. Invented as an allegory by Plato, Atlantis has inspired too many books, movies and video games to count. Wikipedia has a complete list. I’ll focus focus on the most steam- and dieselpunky ones.

We have already met the theosophists, who believed the Atlanteans were one of several great pre-Flood civilizations. “Atlantean” became a shorthand for supreme ancient race. Ignatius L. Donnelly imagined an Atlantean Empire lording over large parts of America and Europe in his Atlantis: the Antediluvian World (1882). The Nazis traced the origins of the Aryan Nordic race in Atlantis.

Professor Aronnax and Captain Nemo visit Atlantis in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (1870)

Art by David Saavedra

Professor Aronnax and Captain Nemo visit the remains of Atlantis in Jules Verne’s Twenty Thousand Leagues Under The Sea (1870).

In H.P. Lovecraft’s “The Temple” (1920), a German submarine discovers Atlantis when it sinks to the bottom of the Atlantic during World War I.

In The Maracot Deep (1929), Arthur Conan Doyle, creator of Sherlock Holmes, describes Atlantis as a high-tech society that is inhabited by people who have adapted to life under the sea. In Carl Barks’ “The Secret of Atlantis” (1954), Uncle Scrooge, Donald Duck and his nephews discover a similar underwater civilization.

Donald Duck and Uncle Scrooge discover Atlantis in “The Secret of Atlantis” (1954)

Fantastic (August 1961)

In Robert A. Heinlein’s Lost Legacy (1941), Atlantis is a colony of Mu. In the 1982-83 anime The Mysterious Cities of Gold, Atlantis and Mu destroyed each other with nuclear weapons.

David MacLean Parry’s The Scarlet Empire (1906) Poul Anderson’s “Goodbye, Atlantis!” (1961) both feature Atlantis as something of a communist dictatorship. In the latter, it is destroyed by vengeful gods.

The 1992 video game Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis shows Nazis searching for Atlantis technology.

Scene in Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001)

Atlantis in Journey 2: The Mysterious Island (2012)

Disney’s 2001 Atlantis: The Lost Empire featured an early-twentieth-century expedition to find Atlantis in a Nautilus-inspired submarine called the Ulysses.

Atlantis is discovered in Journey 2: The Mysterious Island (2012), which is based on Jules Verne’s The Mysterious Island.

Art by Flavio Bolla

Art by Gaius31duke

Art by Raphael Lacoste

Plenty of artists have created their own versions of Atlantis. Here are three examples by Flavio Bolla, Raphael Lacoste and “Gaius31duke“.

Agartha, Shambhala and Hollow Earth

Shambhala is a mythical kingdom in Central Asia or Tibet, supposedly the refuge of the survivors of Lemuria or Hyperborea and a center of spiritual enlightenment.

Jean-Claude Frère wrote that the survivor of Hyperborea settled in a Central Asian city called Agartha, which sunk into the Earth as a result of another catastrophe. In his telling, Shambhala was founded by dissident Hyperboreans who followed the path of the “Black Sun”.

Alexandre Saint-Yves d’Alveydre told much the same story in his Mission de l’Inde en Europe (1886), which for the first time connected the myth of Agartha with that of a Hollow Earth.

At the Earth’s Core

Hollow Earth Expedition

The idea that the Earth’s poles provide entrance to the underworld is an ancient one. Edmond Halley (who discovered Halley’s Comet) brought it into the modern world in 1692. The myth inspired Edgar Allan Poe’s The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym (1838), Jules Verne’s Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864) and Edgar Rice Burroughs’ Pellucidar novels, among others.

Iron Sky: The Coming Race concept art

More recently, it has featured in such dieselpunk fiction as the role-playing game Hollow Earth Expedition (2006) and Iron Sky: The Coming Race (2018), whose title is drawn from Edward Bulwer-Lytton’s 1871 theosophist novel.

Something these Hollow Earths have in common, aside from being popular with Nazis: dinosaurs.

Shangri-La and Xanadu

Lost Horizon

Shangri-La in Lost Horizon (1937)

Return to Xanadu (1991)

James Hilton was probably inspired by the myth of Shambhala when he invented Shangri-La in Lost Horizon (1933). It also sounds similar to the pleasure land described by Samuel Taylor Coleridge in the poem “Kubla Khan”, which was based on the old Chinese capital of Xanadu.

Lost Horizon was adapted into a movie twice, in 1937 and 1973. Shangri-La’s appearance in the first inspired the Valley of Tralla La in Carl Barks’ 1954 Uncle Scrooge comic. Keno Don Rosa later revealed Tralla La to be Xanadu in his 1991 sequel to the story.

Shangri-La in Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow (2004)

Shangri-La also appears in dieselpunk favorite Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow (2004).

El Dorado and the Seven Cities of Gold

Painting of El Dorado

There are several American city-of-gold myths, the most famous ones being El Dorado and the Seven Cities of Gold. The former was supposed to be hidden in the jungles of Colombia; the latter in New Mexico. Numerous expeditions were undertaken by adventurers and conquistadors during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in search of both.

Scrooge McDuck and his nephews discover both lost lands: in Carl Barks’ “The Seven Cities of Cibola” (1954) and Don Rosa’s The Last Lord of Eldorado (1998). The latter makes reference to the El Dorado expeditions of Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, Nicolaus Federmann and Sebastián de Belalcázar.

The Last Lord of Eldorado

The Lost City of Z

British adventurer Percy Fawcett searched for a similar city in the Amazon rainforest known as “Z”. His quest was turned into a book by David Grann (2009) and a movie by James Gray (2016).

In Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008), El Dorado and the legendary Inca city of Paititi are revealed to be the same place, called Akator.

Lost cities and civilizations in #steampunk and #dieselpunk Cities lost to time and half-remembered civilizations, discovered deep in the mountains of the Himalayas, the Amazonian rainforest or at the bottom of the sea, are a familiar trope in steam- and dieselpunk fiction.

#Genre Tropes

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boldtendencies · 5 years ago

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Reading list for 2019 - Fiction

Literature (books, essays, publications etc)

Alderman, N. (2017), Dystopian dreams : how feminist science fiction predicted the future, [online] The Guardian

Available at : https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/mar/25/dystopian-dreams-how-feminist-science-fiction-predicted-the-future

Altmann, U. (2018). Beyond beauty-affective and aesthetic processes in reading and art perception (Doctoral dissertation). Available at: https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/fub188/5191/Diss_FIN_ElektrAbg_28_03_18.pdf?sequence=1

��Desmet, F. (2010), Female perspectives in the dystopian novel, University of Gent

Available at : https://lib.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/001/457/858/RUG01-001457858_2011_0001_AC.pdf

Gere, C. (2008). New media art and the gallery in the digital age. New Media in the White Cube and Beyond: Curatorial Models for Digital Art, 13-25. Available at: https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/12572053/digital_gallery.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1559404065&Signature=yaGVr1iwg%2BLUN45J9iI4pUVIsBY%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DNew_Media_Art_and_the_Gallery_in_the_Dig.pdf

Mehri, M (2018), Who is welcome in Wakanda? On Black Panther and contradictory afrofuturism,[online] OpenSpace

Available at : https://openspace.sfmoma.org/2018/03/who-is-welcome-in-wakanda-on-black-panther-contradictory-afrofuturisms/

Liptak A. (2017), Space That Never Was is one artist’s vision of a never-ending space race. Where else might we have gone?

Available at : https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/22/16500796/space-that-never-was-maciej-rebisz-space-art

https://spacethatneverwas.tumblr.com

Liptak A. (2016), Kim Petersen's Jaw-Dropping Images Take Us To New Worlds

Available at : https://io9.gizmodo.com/kim-petersons-jaw-dropping-images-take-us-to-new-worlds-1751400063

D'Orazio D. (2013), INCREDIBLE PAINTINGS OF SCI-FI SUBURBIA WILL MAKE YOU WISH YOU WERE SWEDISH, Photo essay

Available at : https://www.theverge.com/2013/8/27/4664842/sweden-reimagined-what-if-sci-fi-tech-were-real

Books

Piercy, M. (1976), Woman on the edge of time, New York: Alfred A. Knopf

Dahl R., Foreman M. & Blake Q. (1964), Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, UK : Alfred A. Knopf

Tolkien J. R. R. (1954-1955), The Lord of the Rings, UK : Allen & Unwin

Tolkien J. R. R. (1937), The Hobbit or There and Back Again, UK : George Allen & Unwin

Rowling J. K. (1998-2007), Harry Potter, London : Bloomsburry Publishing

Kipling R. (1894), The Jungle Book, Macmillan Publishers

Verne J. (1870), Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, Pierre-Jules Hetzel

Hugo V. (1833), The Hundback of Notre-Dame, Gosselin

Boule P. (1963), Planet of the Apes,Le cercle du nouveau livre

Meyer S. (2005-2008), Twilight,Little, Brown and Company

Eluard P., Man Ray (1937), Les Mains Libres, Jeanne Bucher

Riordan R. (2005-2009), Percy Jackson & the Olympians, Penguin Books/Puffin

Besson L. (2002), Arthur series,Harper Collins

Bonnefoy Y. (2012),The Arrière-pays (The French List), UK : Seagull Books

Available at : https://www.amazon.com/Arrière-Pays-French-List-Yves-Bonnefoy/dp/0857420267

Gunkel H., Hameed A., O’Sullivan S. (2017), Futures and Fictions, Repeater

Haraway D. (1985), A Cyborg Manifesto, The Socialist Review

McEwan I. (2019), Machines Like Me, Jonathan Cape

Mangas

Öba T. (2003-2006), Death note, UK : Viz Media

Kishimoto M. (1999-2014), Naruto, UK : Viz Media

Arakawa H. (2001-2010), Full Metal Alchemist, UK : Viz Media

Kubo T. (2001-2016),Bleach, UK : Viz Media

Comics

Giraud J. / Moebius (2016), Inside Moebius : Tout Inside Moebius, Moebius Production Available at : https://www.bedetheque.com/BD-Inside-Moebius-INT-Tout-Inside-Moebius-293850.html& https://www.amazon.fr/Moebius-Library-Inside-Part-English-ebook/dp/B078FZ2RRW(english version)

Jodorowsky A. & Moebius (1978), Les yeux du chat, Les Humanoïdes Associés

Available at : http://moebiusodyssey.space/book/les-yeux-du-chat/& https://www.bedetheque.com/BD-Yeux-du-chat-20693.html

Jodorowsky A., (1980-1985), L’Incal, Les Humanoïdes Associés

Available at :https://www.humano.com/album/35661

Audio (radio, podcasts etc)

Who wrote Animal Farm ?- podcast by Arts & ideas (2019) for BBC radio

Available at : https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p075zld4

Video (films, tv shows, YouTube etc)

Youtube

1980’s movies that shaped our humanity- YouTube video by Pop Culture Detective (2018)

Available at : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ytMUSmS9kSs

European Space Agency, ESA (2014), Ambition the film

Available at :https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H08tGjXNHO4

The Met - Art or Fiction?

"The fiction of the anatomy, it tickles me."—Bill T. Jones, choreographer and director

Available at :https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_6SEqoA_Bg

Art of Creating Fiction | Novoneel Chakraborty | TEDxVignanUniversity

Available at :https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7iK9CuQjyIs

Server Demirtaş | Hayal Makinesi / Fiction Machines | 21.09 - 22.10.17 | Bozlu Art Project Nişantaşı

Available at :https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpVxbv5ALEg

björk– jóga- Directed by Michel Gondry. (1997)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBju9Sdh94k

björk – isobel - Directed by Michel Gondry (1995)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGjGh74n_9U

björk: crystalline- Directed by Michel Gondry (2011)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2PNzytx9EV0

FKA twigs (2019) – Cellophane

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YkLjqFpBh84

Michael Jackson (1983) – Thriller

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sOnqjkJTMaA

Childish Gambino (2014) – Telegraph Ave ("Oakland" By Lloyd)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3f-eDzkxcw

Rihanna (2008) – Disturbia

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1mU6h4Xdxc

Films

Aronofsky D. (2010), Black Swan, Fox Searchlight Pictures

Proyas A. (2009), Knowing, Summit Enterntainment

Besson L. (2007-2010), Arthur : The Film Series, EuropaCorp

Wachowski L., Warner Bros. (1999), The Matrix, Warner Bros.

Marvel Studio (2008-2019), Marvel Cinematic Universe, Marvel Comics (22 films)

Lee S., Bristol S (2019), See You Yesterday, 40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks

Lee S., Kirby J (2000-2018), X-men, Marvel Comics (12 films)

Zemeckis R. (1985), Back to the Future, Amblin Entertainment

Lucas G. (1977-…), Star Wars (saga)

Walt Disney Imagineering (2003-2017), Pirates of the Caribbean (5 films)

Burton T. (2005), Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Warner Bros. Pictures

Tanaka T., Honda I. & Tsubaraya E. (1954), Godzilla, Universal Studios

Cameron J. (1984), Terminator, Orion Pictures

Jodorowsky A. (1989), Santa Sangre

Jodorowsky A. (1990), The Rainbow Thief

Jodorowsky A., (1970), El Topo

Nolan C., (2010), Inception, Warner Bros.Pictures

Burton T., (2003), Big Fish

TV shows, series

Benioff D., Weiss D. B. & Martin G. R. R. (2011-2019), Game of Thrones, HBO

Duffer M. & Duffer R. (2016), Stranger Things, Netflix

Available on www.netflix.com

Batmanglij Z. & Marling B. (2016), The OA, Netflix

Available on www.netflix.com

Rolland J., Harmon D. (2013-…), Rick and Morty, Warner Bros Television

Darabont F. & Kirkman R. (2010-…), The Walking Dead, Walt Disney Television

Saban H. (1993-…), Power Rangers, Fox Kids

Murphy R. & Falchuk B. (2011-2018), American Horror Story, 20th Century Fox Television

Weiner M. (2007-2015), Mad Men, Weiner Bros.

Schur M. (2016-…), The Good Place, Universal Television Group

Available on www.netflix.com

Brooker C. (2011-...), Black Mirror, available on Netflix

Slade D.,Brooker C. (2018), Black Mirror: Bandersnatch, available on Netflix

Vincent S., Brackley J. (2015-2018), Humans, available on Channel 4, Amazon Prime

Anime

Oda E. (1997-…), One piece, Toei Animation

Available at www.onepiece.com

Date H., (2002-2007), Naruto, Manga Entertaiment

Abe N. (2004-2012), Bleach, AnimeCentral, Sony Movie Channel

Araki T. (2006-2007), Death Note, Manga Entertainment

Mizushima S. (2003-2004), Fullmetal Alchemist, Anime Limited

Toriyama A. (1984-1995), Dragon Ball, Manga Entertainment

Nishio D. (1989-1996), Dragon Ball Z, , Manga Entertainment

Video Games

Kanuk M. (2012), Cyberpunk 2077, CD Projekt, Europe : Warner Bros

Teaser Trailer (2013) available at : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P99qJGrPNLs

Tajri S. & Sugimori K. (1996-2018),Pokémon, The Pokémon Company, Nintendo

Square Enix (1987-…), Final Fantasy,Square Enix

Kamiya H. (2001), Devil May Cry, Capcom

Sakurai M. (1990), Kirby, Nintendo

Miyamoto S. (1986-2017), The Legend of Zelda, Nintendo

Miyamoto S. (1985-2019), Super Mario, Nintendo

Adham A., Pearce F., Morhaime M. (1994-2018),Warcraft, Blizzlard Entertainment

Naka Y., Oshima N., Yasuhara H. (1991-…), Sonic the Hedgehog, Sega

Tezuka T., Eguchi K. (2001), Animal Crossing,Nintendo

Twitter, IG accounts

Zizek

Kim Petersen

www.kimpetersen.net

https://www.artstation.com/kimpetersen

Raphael Lacoste

www.raphael-lacoster.com

https://www.artstation.com/raphael-lacoste

Martin Deschambault

https://www.artstation.com/dechambo

Simon Stålenhag

IG : @simon_stalenhag

http://www.simonstalenhag.se

Fabrice Hyber

http://hyber.tv

IG : @penguin press

IG ; @contemporaryfinearts

IG : @contemporaryartcyrator

IG : @contemporary_art

IG : @slimesunday

IG : @rsconnett

IG : @hannahyata

IG : @miles_art

IG : @chris_dyer

IG : @marcomazzoniart

IG : @johngayart

IG : @colinprahl

IG : @chapelofsacredmirrors

IG : @the.pinklemonade

IG : @jose_davinci

IG : @gui_lo_pi

IG : @artleove

IG : @m_melgrati

IG : @pawel_kuczynski1

Other medium

Talking Statues- by Sing London (various years)

More details : http://www.talkingstatueslondon.co.uk/

Art Projects

Parreno P. (2017), Installation views: A Time Coloured Space, Serralves Museum of Contemporary Art, Fundação de Serralves, Porto, 3 February - 7 May, 2017

Pictures available at : https://www.pilarcorrias.com/artists/philippe-parreno/

http://www.futurearchive.org/

#2019 #reading list

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